Why Surveyor Concern About Accuracy & Precision - Part 2

What is systematic errors?
- It result from factor which comprise the measuring system and include the enviroment, instruments and observer.
- Systematic errors also known as biases
- In systematic errors, if system condition remain constant, the systematic error will likewise remain constant. If condition change, the magnitudes of systematic errors also change

Source of errors : instrumentation and natural condition

Solution : can be model mathematically

Situation of systematic errors
(a) Constant systematic error - use of 100m tape that has been calibrated and found to be 0.02 too long. It introduce a 0.02m error each time it is used
(b) two-peg test - to eliminated collimation error